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15 Jan 2020 
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Nanoparticles have many potential applications in medicine, including improvement of drug deliverysystems which could improve the effectiveness of our health care system. A current application ofnanotechnology in medicine includes the use of nanoparticles to transmit drugs, light, heat,or other substances to specific cell types, such as cancer cells. The nanoparticles could havea lot of uses, as they generate oxygen and they are designed to put the efficient in chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, a drug that stops the growth of cancer cells by eliminating an enzyme called topo isomerase 2. Particles are designed to be attracted to diseased cells, allowing them to be handled and treated directly. This method prevents damage to healthy body cells and makes it possible to detect infection sooner “Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing amethod to deliver cardiac stem cells to damaged heart tissue. They attach nanovesicles that areattracted to an injury to the stem cells to increase the amount of stem cells delivered to an injuredtissue (“Understanding Nan” 2019)” Also, nanoparticles can deliver three anti -cancer drugs to the lymph nodes because the cancers use these lymph nodes to be spread throughout the body. Thus, the nanoparticles carrying proteins could work as a vaccine to energize the immune system to prevent the spread of viruses.Nanoparticles are used in diagnostic clinical purposes to meet the sensitivity in clinical diagnosesimproving the enhancement of diagnostic images, and detecting diseases. The presence of quantumdots are a pure demonstration experiments, used in imaging that enables scientists to study theprocess of a cell of a single molecule, and that can improve the diagnostics and the treatment of cancer.“However, recent studies conducted at the University of California, Berkeley, have shown that protective coatings for quantum dots may eliminate toxicity (Berger,2019)” These quantum dots can revolutionize medicine with its electronic properties.Sciences at Worcester Polytechnic Institute useantibodies attached to carbon nanotubes in chips to detect bloodstream cancer cells. Researchersbelieve that this approach could be used in simple laboratory tests that could provide early detection inthe bloodstream of cancer cells and any damage of the organs’ cells using diagnostic images “A test for early detection of kidney damage isbeing developed. The method uses gold nanorods functionalized to attach to the type of proteingenerated by damaged kidneys. When protein accumulates on the nanorod the color of the nanorodshifts. The test is designed to be done quickly and inexpensively for early detection of a problem(“Understanding Nano”
2019)” The use of nanoparticles as competing agents in the blood supply and their use in MPS scanning, marking and recording of state cells, control of tissue-engineeredimplant materials, molecular imaging of vascular targets. Nanoparticles enable interventional radiological therapies and theranostics methods is aimed at personalising nanomedicine treatments byincorporating drug targeting and imaging.There are some risks to society with the use of nanoparticles. Throughout the human respiratory tract, inhaled particulate matter can be deposited and a significant fraction of inhaled nanoparticles aredeposited in the lungs. Hence, nanoparticles could move from the lungs to other organs, such as the heart, kidney, spleen, and probably the foetus of a pregnant woman. The inhaled nanoparticles couldenter the body through the olfactory nerve. Nanoparticles can reach the brain passing by the mucousmembrane inside the nose through the olfactory nerve. The symptoms of nanoparticles inhaled in the skin may include swelling of the lungs and heart problems: “Studies in humans’ show that breathing in diesel soot causes a general inflammatory response and alters the system that regulates the involuntary functions in the cardiovascular system, such as control of heart rate (Klot, 2002)”Nanoparticles may be considered very hazardous, they become chemically more reactive as bulkmaterials are rendered into nanoparticles, that\’s why they are really useful as catalysts. Also, chemically inert materials such as gold or platinum can catalyse nano-powdered chemical reactions, introducing the risk of aerosolization. Several studies show that, if introduced into the human body, nanoparticles are typically more harmful than larger particles of the same compounds. Experts believe that the adverse effects of nanoparticles cannot be anticipated or inferred accurately from the establishedtoxicity of bulk material.Most of the actions taken are similar to standard laboratory practises for the use of hazardous chemicals and gases. Some precautions are taken to protect the health and safety of people working withnanoparticles. For laboratory safety and hygiene, it is important to wear frequently laundered laboratory coats. It is not practical to bring laboratory coats to private homes or to clean them. Where highexposure rates or splashes of solutions containing nano particles are anticipated, arm sleeves are required. Hand washing facilities in all laboratories must be provided, the person holding nano products should always wash his hands after getting in direct touch with the products. Dry nanomaterials must only be treated in a smoke cover, in a biological security case, in aglove box or in a sealed container. When working in any laboratory with nanoparticles, standard Penn safety glasses are required. To avoid inhalation, respirators and ventilators are required in thelaboratories. These precautions should be taken if the person works directly with nanoparticles and byfollowing this advice, the risks of nanoparticles on their health is less severe.BibliographyBerger.M (June 21,2019), Nanomedicine. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nanowerk.com/nanomedicine.phpKlot.V(November 12, 2002), How can inhaled nanoparticles affect health? Retrieved fromhttps://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/nanotechnologies/l-3/6-health-effects-nanoparticles.htm#3p0UnderstandingNano.com (October 28,2019) Nanotechnology in Medicine – Nanoparticles in Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.understandingnano.com/